欧洲Vega火箭坠毁后,太空保险费可能翻倍
财险家，洞察全球财险Space rockets and satellites are likely to cost more to insure after the European Vega rocket crash this month, which hit insurers with a record space market loss of 369 million euros ($411.21 million), insurance industry sources say.
据保险业消息人士称，在本月欧洲织女星火箭坠毁事件后，太空火箭和卫星的保险成本可能会更高。
航天事故索赔远超保费
The Vega rocket carrying a military observation satellite for the United Arab Emirates veered off course shortly after take-off and crashed.
载有一颗前往阿拉伯联合酋长国的军事观察卫星的“织女星”火箭在起飞后不久偏离轨道坠毁。
Prior to the accident, Italian aerospace company Avio Aero , which built the Vega, said it had a 100% success rate.
事故发生前，建造Vega的意大利航空航天公司Avio Aero表示，其成功率为100%。
The insurance loss for the rocket and satellite represents the largest recorded loss in the space market, satellite analysis firm Seradata said.
卫星分析公司Seradata表示，火箭和卫星的保险损失是太空市场有史以来最大的损失。
Until now, insurance premiums for commercial satellite and rocket accidents have been falling due to strong competition among insurers and improved rocket reliability.
到目前为止，由于保险公司之间的激烈竞争和火箭可靠性的提高，商业卫星和火箭事故的保险费一直在下降。
But that could change in the aftermath of the Vega crash, leading to higher costs for space rocket launches.
但在织女星号坠毁后，这种情况可能会发生变化，导致太空火箭发射成本上升。
“Space insurers have suffered two major claims within the past year and the cost of these losses far exceeds the premiums earned in this sector,” said Nick Brown, group chief executive at insurer Global Aerospace, which is backed by major reinsurers Munich Re and Berkshire Hathaway.
全球航空航天集团首席执行官尼克•布朗(Nick Brown)表示：“过去一年，航天保险公司遭受了两起重大索赔，这些损失的成本远远超过了该行业的保费。”全球航空航天集团得到慕尼黑再保险公司(Munich Re)和伯克希尔哈撒韦公司(Berkshire Hathaway)的支持。
“Insurance rates for both launch and in-orbit have been at historically low levels and … need to increase significantly.”
“发射和在轨的保险费率一直处于历史低位，……需要大幅提高。”
The Vega loss follows the failure of Maxar Technologies’ WorldView-4 imaging satellite in January, resulting in a $183 million insurance claim.
此前，Maxar Technologies的WorldView-4成像卫星在1月份出现故障，导致1.83亿美元的保险索赔。
Last year, space insurance payouts were $600 million, according to Seradata SpaceTrak data, outpacing premiums of around $450 million.
根据Seradata SpaceTrak的数据，去年太空保险支出为6亿美元，超过了大约4.5亿美元的保费。
太空费率或翻倍
“Space rates could double as a result of this (Vega) failure combined with poor results last year,” said one insurer, who said the Vega loss alone was expected to cancel out the whole of 2019 global space premium, with further launch and in-orbit risks still remaining for the year.
一家保险公司表示：“太空费率可能会因为这次(维加)的失败以及去年糟糕的业绩而翻倍。”该公司表示，仅维加的亏损就有望抵消2019年全球太空保费的全部，今年还有更多发射和在轨风险。
There were 114 space launches globally in 2018, according to Avio Aero, builder of the European Vega launcher.
据欧洲Vega发射器制造商Avio Aero称，2018年全球共有114次太空发射。
Unlike with most car insurance, cover for satellites or rockets is not compulsory. Only 60% of satellites launched in 2017 were insured, according to insurer Mapfre.
与大多数汽车保险不同，卫星或火箭保险不是强制性的。根据Mapfre保险公司的数据，2017年发射的卫星中只有60%投保。
For those who do buy insurance, an all-risk policy covers damage of any kind and there is also liability cover available, in case a rocket hits something belonging to someone else.
对于那些确实购买了保险的人来说，一份全险保单涵盖了任何类型的损害，还包括责任保险，以防火箭击中属于其他人的东西。
Space insurance providers include the specialist Lloyd’s of London market and insurance heavyweights AIG, AXA and Allianz, as well as reinsurers like Munich Re.
航天保险供应商包括伦敦市场专业保险公司劳合社(Lloyd 's of London market)、保险业巨头美国国际集团(AIG)、安盛保险(AXA)和安联保险(Allianz)，以及慕尼黑再保险(Munich Re)等再保险公司。
Munich Re said earlier this month it was one of the insurers of the Vega policy. Aon was the broker, two sources told Reuters. Aon declined to comment.
慕尼黑再保险公司本月早些时候表示，它是Vega保单的保险公司之一。两名消息人士对路透表示，Aon是经纪商。怡安保险拒绝置评。
Global Aerospace said it did not insure the Vega launcher.
环球航空表示，该公司没有为Vega发射器提供保险。
Prices to insure satellites against damage have fallen by 50% in the past two to three years, one insurer said.
一家保险公司说，过去2-3年，卫星损坏保险的价格下降了50%。
Space insurance premiums have dropped 75% in the past 15 years and 60% in the past 10, said a second insurance source, who expected rates to bounce after the recent losses.
另一位保险人士说，空间保险费在过去的15年中下降了75%，在过去的10年中下降了60%，他预计在最近的损失之后利率会反弹。
But due to the intense competition in the insurance industry, a rise in premiums is not guaranteed.
但由于保险业的激烈竞争，保险费的上涨并不能保证。
David Todd, head of space content at Seradata, said it hinged on whether significant insurance underwriting capacity started to leave the market.
Seradata的空间内容主管戴维•托德(David Todd)表示，这取决于是否有大量的保险承保能力开始退出市场。
Andreas Berger, a Swiss Re board member in charge of the corporate insurance arm, said on Wednesday that the company would be reducing its exposure to the space industry, as part of an overhaul of the loss-making division.
瑞士再保险公司(Swiss Re)负责公司保险业务的董事会成员安德烈亚斯伯杰(Andreas Berger)周三表示，该公司将减少其在航天行业的业务，这是对亏损部门进行全面改革的一部分。
太空旅游
Space tourism will add a new dimension as space passengers may also want insurance.
太空旅游将增加一个新的维度，因为太空乘客也可能需要保险。
U.S. space agency NASA plans to allow private citizens to stay at the International Space Station for month-long getaways at a cost of about $35,000 per night, with the first mission as early as 2020.
美国国家航空航天局计划允许普通公民在国际空间站停留一个月，每晚的费用约为3.5万美元，首次任务最早将于2020年完成。
British billionaire Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic is also competing with Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin in the race for space.
英国亿万富翁理查德•布兰森(Richard Branson)的维珍银河(Virgin Galactic)也在与杰夫•贝佐斯(Jeff Bezos)的蓝色起源(Blue Origin)展开太空竞赛。
Space travel could straddle both the space and aviation insurance sectors.
太空旅行可以跨越太空和航空保险领域。
“The advent of space tourism represents a completely new area of risk for insurers,” Global Aerospace’s Brown said.
环球航空的布朗说：“太空旅游的出现对保险公司来说是一个全新的风险领域。”
翻译：财险家
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